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To protect drinking water from pathogens or pathogens, water suppliers often add disinfectants such as chlorine to drinking water. However, disinfection practice can be difficult because some pathogenic microbes, such as

Cryptosporidium, are highly resistant to traditional disinfection practices. In addition, the disinfectants themselves can react with natural materials in the water with the formation of byproducts such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids, which may pose a risk to health. One of the main problems for suppliers of water, how to control and limit the risks associated with pathogens and disinfection byproducts. It is important to protect against pathogens while reducing to a minimum risk to health from disinfection byproducts. For more information, see the bulletin on >> << and. What are pathogens? Insufficiently treated water may contain disease-causing organisms or pathogens. Pathogenic include various types of bacteria, viruses, parasites protozoa and other organisms. If you are concerned about pathogens in the private and please visit: >> << This language health effects is not intended to catalog all the possible health effects of pathogens. Rather, it is intended to inform consumers about some of the possible health effects associated with pathogens in drinking water when the power was complete. CDC, CDC

What are the indicators? Indicators of physical, chemical or other parameters, whose presence at a level beyond the specified limits may reflect problems in the treatment or distribution system integrity. What EPABЂ ™ s drinking water regulations pathogens and indicators? In 1974, Congress passed a law safe drinking water. This law requires the protection of the environment to determine the level of contaminants in drinking water at which no adverse effects on human health is likely to happen. These non-fulfillment of the objectives of health, based solely on possible health risks and exposure throughout life, with a sufficient margin of safety, called the maximum contamination level goal (MCLG). Contaminants kind of physical, chemical, biological or radiological substance or matter in water. EPA sets MCLGs based on best available scientific data to prevent possible health problems. For most pollutants, environmental regulation sets is called a maximum contamination level (MCL) on the MCLG. MCLs are set as close to MCLGs as possible, given the cost, advantages and capabilities of public water systems to detect and remove contaminants using appropriate technology treatment. In the absence of a reliable method that is economically and technically feasible to measure pollutants at low concentrations, including method of treatment is established for MAC. Treatment technique of the procedure or level of technological performance which public water system must follow to ensure pollution control. States may establish more stringent MCL or treatment method level pathogens and drinking water indicatorsin than EPA. Including sequential systems, but not MES, combining all their ground water with surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water to the treatment. The general rule koliformnyh set and goals of health and legal restrictions on the general level of intestinal in water. This rule also details the type and frequency of testing, the water system must do. Treatment of surface water standard is designed to prevent diseases carried by water caused by viruses, Legionella

,

and

Giardia lamblia. These pathogens are present in different concentrations in most surface waters. This rule requires that water systems filter and disinfect water from surface water sources to reduce hazardous levels of these microbes. Interim Enhanced Surface water generally improves the control of microbial contamination, including

Cryptosporidium, in systems that use surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water that serve 10,000 or more people. This rule is based on the treatment technique requirements on the handling of surface water. Filter rule processing feedback requires public water systems (PWSs) to review their feedback practice reuse of water so they are not detrimental to microbiological control. Long an extension surface water rule strengthens the control of microbial contamination, including

Cryptosporidium, small systemsBЂ "those systems serving less than 10,000 people. This is less a temporary Enhanced analog of policies waters surface. LT2 rule is to reduce morbidity associated with the contaminant Cryptosporidium and other pathogens in drinking water. Rule groundwater indicates the appropriate use of disinfection in dealing with other components of groundwater for public health. Safe Drinking Water Act requires EPA to periodically review a national primary drinking water regulation for each pollutant and revising the rules, if necessary, based on new scientific data. EPA reviews general rule coliforms as part of the six-year review and plans to propose amendments in 2010. EPA will include surface water regulations in the future, six cycles of review. As pathogens and indicators to get into my drinking water? The main source of Cryptosporidium, Giardia lamblia, and viruses

water in human and animal fecal waste. Koliformni are naturally present in the in the environment. Fecal and intestinal

E. coli can be found only in human and animal fecal waste. Legionella is naturally in water and multiplies in water heating systems. The main source of turbidity in water soil drainage. How will I know if agents are in my drinking water? When regular monitoring indicates that the pathogen or indicator is a strattera side effects violation of treatment or above the maximum allowable level of contamination, your water supplier must take steps to improve the processing operations, such as increased filtration or increased disinfection to reduce pathogens and levels of indicators that the system revert to compliance. Water suppliers must inform its customers during the period specified in state regulations messages EPABЂ ™ s, as described below. Additional measures, such as providing alternative sources of drinking water to consumers or recommend boil water before use may be necessary to prevent serious health risks .. If the water comes from the family and contact the Department of Health or local water systems that use groundwater for information on the pollutants of concern in your area .. Persons wishing to take additional measures to avoid water pathogens may lead to drinking water to full boil for one minute (longer at higher altitudes). Boiling water is the most effective way inactivates (kills) pathogens. As an alternative point of use (personal use, the end of the crane, under sink) filter that removes particles one micrometer or less in diameter to provide most of Cryptosporidium removal. How can I learn more about my drinking water? Environmental Protection urges people to learn more about their drinking water, and to support local efforts to protect the supply of safe drinking water and modernization of the water community. Your account water or call bookBЂ ™ lists of government is a good starting point for local information. Contact your water supply. EPA requires that all community water systems to prepare and provide annual consumer confidence report (CCR) (sometimes called a water quality report) to its customers by 1 July next year. If your water is not a system of community water, or if you have a private water supply, to request a copy from a nearby water system Community ... Find the answer or ask questions about drinking water contaminants for Cryptosporidium (2 pp, 21 K)

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Cryptosporidium parvum infection of Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium enteritis feces and intestinal E. coli

Escherichia coli and E. coli bacteria group Escherichia coli O157: H7, E. coli E. coli Fecal indicators: enterococci and coliphage Giardia lamblia U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and practical issues of food, bad book Bug , Giardia lamblia

lehyonell Legionella: Drinking Water Health Advisory PDF Legionella: Drinking Water Newsletter PDF Legionella Total Escherichia coli and koliformnyh bacteria Escherichia coli O157: H7 E. coli turbidity (6pp, 396K, viruses